Electromagnetic spectrum Essay Example for Free

Electromagnetic spectrum Essay Many of the well-known scientists explore several types of waves and gave their theories, statements, and practical applications in this field. These waves are composed in a manner so one can measure their wavelength and frequency as well. These types of wavelength are declared as â€Å"Low notes† and â€Å"High notes†. Low notes have a low frequency and a long wavelength; where as High notes have high frequency and a shorter wavelength. These electromagnetic waves are result of electrically charged particles, such waves are also declared as â€Å"Electromagnetic Radiation†, as they radiate initially from the electrically charged particles. These waves can easily pass through any empty space, air and other more substances as well. According to research it was explored by many of the scientist that these radiations has fundamentally a â€Å"Dual Personality† as it behaves as waves and stream of particles which are known as â€Å"photons â€Å"as well. In addition the photons have no group as well as they have very short wavelength too. (Alvino, G, 75) SECTIONS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM: Fundamentally electromagnetic spectrum covers a wide range of wavelength and photon energies as well. The spectrum is usually segmented into seven sections, which are declared as X-ray, Infrared, and Ultraviolet, Microwave, Visible, Gamma ray radiation and Radio waves. INFRARED RAYS: Fundamentally this particular term† Infrared† covers a wide range of frequency. The wavelength range initiates from about 1 millimeter down to 750 nm. Those rays, which are approximately adjacent to visible spectrum, are called â€Å"Near infrared† and those who have longer wavelength section are declared as â€Å"Far infrared†. These rays are widely utilized in exploring vibration spectra of molecules. In connections with matter, infrared mainly acts to place molecules into pulsation. These rays doesn’t have good impact on atmosphere as it never penetrate atmosphere but still infrared are utilize to initially acts to set molecules into vibration. VISIBLE LIGHT:- This is fundamentally the narrow visible section of electromagnetic spectrum. This thin section keeps up a correspondence to the wavelengths closer to the maximum of the Suns radiation curve. Visible light is mainly utilized in elevating electrons to higher energy levels. In this particular case white light can be parted into its spectral colors by dispersion in a prism. ULTRAVIOLET RAYS: Ultraviolet rays are approximately below the region where visible light is explored and this was proofed by many of the well-known scientist by their statements and their theories as well. In addition these rays cause harm as it has shorter wavelength that can reach the ionization energy for many molecules, so this outcome in hazards to other ionizing radiations as well. While welding, protective eye shields must be utilized because this ultraviolet substance of welding arcs can inflame once eyes. X-RAYS: When high-energy electrons struck a metal target then these rays start penetrating, they are highly penetrating rays. According to research it was explored that just after the discovery of x-rays they are started being used in medical to image broken bones. Fundamentally when these rays have interaction with matter they ionize radiations and generate physiological possessions, which are basically never observed with any exposure of non-ionizing radiation, such as the risk of mutations or cancer in tissue. GAMMA RAYS: Gamma rays are generally utilized to denote electromagnetic radiation from the center as a part of a radioactive process. Fundamentally their nuclear energy is extremely high as such radiations are initiated in the electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus as a part or as a result of radioactive procedures. X-rays and Gamma rays are quite identical as they both are electromagnetic rays, these are simply some declaration regarding source rather than implying different kinds of radiation. (Alvino, G, 75-79) Below is the table, which will provide you better understanding and clear the entire conceptions as well. Wavelengths, frequencies, and energies for selected regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are mentioned in this, which was fundamentally result of several researches.

College Essay :: essays research papers

As I thought of this article, many of the issues I have faced as a single Hmong woman in her mid-twenties came to mind. Should I discuss the functional reasons why marriage is so important in the Hmong culture, especially for women? Or do I talk about the lack of eligible, older Hmong men? Better yet, should I complain about the attempts by my relatives to find me a good husband as if it were an unfortunate circumstance that I was single instead of a conscious choice? Thinking it over, though, I decided that all those questions boiled down to one fundamental truth – the Hmong community is still trying to learn how to treat the increasing number of Hmong women who, like me, are making the choice to stay single in their mid-twenties. Today, single Hmong women in their mid-twenties are living on their own, sometimes in different cities, earning their own income, and making decisions independent of both their parents and clans. However, in a community where marriage defines the moment an individual becomes an adult, these successes still have not allowed them to be treated or perceived as adults by the family and clan. Furthermore, in a culture where a woman’s role continues to be defined by the dominant male in her life – either her father or her husband – the independence of Hmong women in their mid-twenties has led to a displacement of traditional roles. My sister coined the term â€Å"Christmas Tree Age† when someone told her that in order to be able to find a good husband, a Hmong woman needed to be no older than twenty-five years old. Just like a Christmas Tree which is discarded after the 25th of December, the Hmong community seems to disregard women older than twenty-five as in-eligible marriage material. At twenty-five years of age, I’ve attained many of the goals I set for myself as a young girl, starting a successful career in Corporate America, gaining financial freedom and traveling the globe. Yet, to many of my relatives, it seems my life is still lacking the most critical ingredient – a husband. While in college, my single status seemed more acceptable. However, as I have continued to focus on my career instead of a husband and as I have reached the magic twenty-five, the choice to remain single has become an increasing concern for my family.

Emma and Clueless

Transformations often involve familiar themes but reflect those themes in a different context in order to resonate the values and interests of that society. Thus, context dictates form and meaning as well as the values inherent in the texts. Amy Heckerling’s, 20th century American film, Clueless is a transformation of Jane Austen’s conservative Regency England, Emma. The use of different techniques and medium allow Emma’s themes of personal growth, social structure and the role of women in society to be conveyed in a more appropriate form in Clueless.The main characters, Emma and Cher are representational products of their society and parallels can be drawn in the opening scenes, particularly in relation to self-knowledge. The Bildungsroman progression from delusion to social awareness is a universal value in both texts despite their differing contexts. Emma is introduced as â€Å"handsome, clever, and rich† who had â€Å"a disposition to think a little t oo well of herself. † Austen’s satirical tone as the omniscient narrator alerts the responder to Emma’s inability to understand her position in society. Furthermore, while Emma successfully matches Mr. Weston and Ms.Taylor, her motives are superficial as she sees it as â€Å"the greatest amusement in the world! † She also believes Harriet’s beauty â€Å"should not be wasted on the inferior society†, and it would be â€Å"interesting and highly becoming† to â€Å"improve her†. Austen employs verbal irony through Emma’s dialogue, which exposes her flaws of arrogance and shallowness. However, Emma eventually develops self awareness as shown when she realizes her mistake of matching Harriet with Mr. Elton and influencing her to refuse a suitable marriage with Mr. Martin. There is a similar character development in Cher despite the difference in context.Heckerling implements voice overs to create an immediate sense of irony wh en Cher’s â€Å"way normal life for a teenage girl† is juxtaposed with a dolly-tracking shot of her choosing outfits from a computer operated wardrobe in a grand bedroom. In doing so, Heckerling continues Austen’s satirical mode by highlighting Cher’s lack of social awareness. This is further reinforced through her dialogue, â€Å"I have direction†¦towards the mall† and Dionne’s statement, â€Å"Cher’s main thrill in life is a make-over†¦it gives her a sense of control in a world full of chaos†, which imply her superficial obsession with image and materialistic values.Cher’s final ability to see beyond the superficial and realize her mistakes â€Å"I was just totally clueless† is parallel to Emma’s reconciliation to society and its values. Similar to Austen, Heckerling reflects values that are consistent with any age and time- the absolute necessity for young people to gain social awareness. Socia l hierarchy in Regency England was permanent and immobile. It was governed by strict rules of adherence to rank and place, and was determined by birthright and inheritance. Miss.Churchill and Captain Weston’s marriage challenged the social hierarchy due to a large social imbalance in their marriage, and through authorial intrusion, it was deemed â€Å"an unsuitable connection and did not produce much happiness. † Austen demonstrates the virtually impermeable social structure through her criticism of the Coles and that †it was not for them to arrange the terms on which the superior families would visit them†, indicating that money gained through trade and not birthright, doesn’t indicate status.Emma’s high modality and contemptuous tone employed when she claims â€Å"the yeomanry are precisely the order of people with whom I feel I can have nothing to do† further highlights the inflexibility on class interactions. Finally, Harrietâ€℠¢s marriage to Mr. Martin, a farmer, results in the loss of friendship between Emma and Harriet as stated by Austen’s authorial intrusion, â€Å"the intimacy between her and Emma must sink. † This epitomizes the clear demarcation of status and that Emma shouldn’t associate with Harriet due to their differing social status. Cher’s world also has a class structure that underpins her society.This idea is explored through the camera panning out to take long shots of the rigid societal tiers, whilst Cher introduces Tai to the stratified social groups at school including the â€Å"Persia mafia†, the crew and the â€Å"loadies†. Elton’s indignant tone conveys class consciousness in his rhetorical questions towards Cher as she suggests Tai as a romantic partner, â€Å"Why Tai?! Do you know who my father is? † Later, Cher is abandoned in a carpark by Elton, and the far shot of a blinking neon sign of a clown symbolizes society’s mockery of her attempt to undermine a defined system of class.Clearly, class consciousness pervades both societies, especially in selecting romantic partners. Regency England dictated the position of women in society by strict codes of conduct. Primarily, women of Emma’s class were constrained by society’s expectations of a match within their social class. Captain Weston’s marriage to Miss. Churchill is juxtaposed to Miss. Taylor’s, thus allowing Austen to comment on the female and male positions in society, in that women are meant to be passive and have less say in their marriage. According to Mr.Weston’s idea, â€Å"it’s being a great deal better to chuse than to be chosen, to excite gratitude than to feel it†, hence demonstrating the double moral standard prevalent in society. Furthermore, Emma’s sister, Isabella, is married to John Weston, and through authorial intrusion, Austen comments that â€Å"Isabella always thinks a s he does† demonstrating a women’s duty as a wife. The use of dialogue in Mr. Knightley’s warning to Emma, â€Å"Men of family would not be very fond of connecting themselves with a girl of such obscurity†¦[Harriet]†, exemplifies society’s expectation of women to interact within their own social class.On the other hand, Clueless doesn’t offer the restricted patriarchal world of Austen as young women could be independent, outspoken and have many more choices, including marriage. The focus of the medium shot on Cher as she struts down the schoolyard in her vibrant yellow costuming portrays her outgoing attitude. The eye contact of male passerbys creates vectors and the comment â€Å"As if! † highlight Cher’s disgust at their attention, exemplifying women’s freedom to choose their romantic partners. This idea is reinforced by Cher’s comment on Dionne’s relationship, â€Å"Dee, you could do so much better. Contrary to Austen, Heckerling recognizes the change in the position of women in society in that they have more freedom in their social behavior and relationships. In conclusion, Emma and Clueless offer profound and satirical insights into their respective contexts. While the need for social stability and the need for young people to gain social awareness, remain unchanged, but the position of women in society has shifted dramatically. Such ideas are reinforced by the different mediums, both of which effectively reflect the themes and values of that context.

How to Make a Cloud in a Bottle

In the real world, clouds form when warm, moist air is cooled and condenses into tiny water droplets, which collectively make up clouds. You can mimic this process (on a much smaller scale, of course!) by using everyday items found in your home or school to put a cloud in a bottle. What Youll Need: A clear bottle, mason jar, or another see-through container with a lidA dark-colored piece of paperHot waterIceMatches Warning:  Due to the use of hot water, glass, and matches, young children are cautioned not to do this experiment without adult supervision. Getting Started First, rinse your glass to make sure it is clean. (Do not use soap and do not dry the inside.)Add hot water to the jar until it covers the bottom by 1 deep. Then swirl the water around so that it warms up the sides of the jar. (If you dont do this, condensation may immediately occur.) Youve just added one of the key ingredients for cloud formation: water.Take the lid, turn it upside-down (so that it acts as a small dish), and place several ice cubes in it. Place the lid on top of the jar. (After doing this, you may see some condensation, but notice theres no cloud yet.) The ice adds another ingredient needed for clouds to form: the cooling of warm, moist air. Carefully light a match and blow it out. Drop the smoking match into the jar and quickly replace the lid of ice. The smoke adds the final ingredient for cloud formation: condensation nuclei for the cooled water droplets to condense onto.Now look for wisps of cloud swirling inside! To see them better, hold up your dark colored pa per behind the jar.Congratulations, youve just made a cloud! After youve and named it, lift the lid and let it flow out so that you can touch it! Tips and Alternatives For younger children: If you prefer not to use matches, you can substitute air freshener spray in step # 4. Lift the lid of ice, spritz a small amount into the jar, then quickly replace the lid.Advanced: Use a bicycle pump to change the pressure and see even more clouds.  Going further: Try using other sizes of dust particles. Design an experiment to determine the best size of dust particles to use. You could also test different water temperatures. Now that youve learned some basic principles of how clouds form, its time to up your knowledge. Study these cloud photos to learn the ten basic types of clouds and what weather they forecast. Or explore what the many storm clouds look like and mean.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Updated by Tiffany Means